:root{
  --paper:#FBFAF8;
  --ink:#16181C;
  --ink-soft:#4A5058;
  --slate:#3A4A5C;
  --ochre:#9A6B2F;
  --rule:#DCD8D1;
  --rule-soft:#EAE7E1;
  --wash:#F4F1EB;

  --serif:'Instrument Serif',Georgia,serif;
  --sans:'Inter',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;
  --mono:'IBM Plex Mono',ui-monospace,monospace;

  --measure:34rem;
  --gutter:clamp(1.5rem,5vw,4.5rem);
}

*{margin:0;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth}

body{
  background:var(--paper);
  color:var(--ink);
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:1.0625rem;
  line-height:1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;
  text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;
}

a{color:inherit}
::selection{background:#E8DFCE;color:var(--ink)}

:focus-visible{
  outline:2px solid var(--slate);
  outline-offset:3px;
  border-radius:1px;
}

.visually-hidden{
  position:absolute;
  width:1px;height:1px;
  padding:0;margin:-1px;
  overflow:hidden;
  clip:rect(0 0 0 0);
  white-space:nowrap;
  border:0;
}

.skip{
  position:absolute;left:-9999px;top:0;
  background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);
  padding:.75rem 1rem;z-index:200;
  font-size:.875rem;text-decoration:none;
}
.skip:focus{left:0}

.shell{
  max-width:78rem;
  margin:0 auto;
  padding-inline:var(--gutter);
}

/* ---------- masthead ---------- */

.masthead{padding-block:2rem 0}

.masthead-inner{
  display:flex;
  align-items:baseline;
  justify-content:space-between;
  gap:2rem;
  flex-wrap:wrap;
  padding-bottom:1.25rem;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);
}

.wordmark{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-size:1.5rem;
  letter-spacing:-.01em;
  text-decoration:none;
}

.masthead nav{
  display:flex;
  gap:1.75rem;
  font-size:.8125rem;
  letter-spacing:.02em;
}

.masthead nav a{
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  text-decoration:none;
  padding-block:.25rem;
  border-bottom:1px solid transparent;
  transition:color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease;
}

.masthead nav a:hover{color:var(--ink);border-bottom-color:var(--ink)}

/* ---------- opening ---------- */

.opening{padding-block:clamp(4rem,11vw,8.5rem) clamp(3.5rem,8vw,6rem)}

.opening h1{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-weight:400;
  font-size:clamp(1.95rem,4.6vw,3.15rem);
  line-height:1.16;
  letter-spacing:-.018em;
  max-width:26ch;
  text-wrap:balance;
}

.opening h1 em{font-style:italic}

.opening .sub{
  margin-top:2rem;
  max-width:var(--measure);
  color:var(--ink-soft);
}

.opening .sub + .sub{margin-top:1.1rem}

/* ---------- bands ---------- */

.band{
  padding-block:clamp(3.5rem,8vw,6rem);
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
}

.band-head{
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.6875rem;
  letter-spacing:.14em;
  text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  margin-bottom:2.75rem;
}

.band-head.visually-hidden + *{margin-top:0}

.band-note{
  max-width:52ch;
  margin-top:-1.9rem;
  margin-bottom:2.75rem;
  font-size:.9375rem;
  line-height:1.55;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
}

/* ---------- entries ---------- */

.entry{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,17rem);
  gap:clamp(2rem,6vw,5rem);
  padding-block:clamp(2.5rem,5vw,3.75rem);
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  align-items:start;
}

.entry:first-of-type{padding-top:0}

.entry-dates{
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.75rem;
  letter-spacing:.04em;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  margin-bottom:.9rem;
}

.entry-title{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-weight:400;
  font-size:clamp(1.65rem,3.4vw,2.4rem);
  line-height:1.16;
  letter-spacing:-.014em;
  max-width:18ch;
}

.entry-link{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}

.entry-title-text{
  display:inline;
  background-image:linear-gradient(var(--rule),var(--rule));
  background-repeat:no-repeat;
  background-position:0 100%;
  background-size:100% 1px;
  transition:background-size .3s ease,background-image .3s ease;
  padding-bottom:3px;
}

.entry:hover .entry-title-text,
.entry-link:focus-visible .entry-title-text{
  background-image:linear-gradient(var(--ink),var(--ink));
}

.entry{cursor:pointer}
.entry .evidence,.entry .attest{cursor:auto}

.entry-body{
  margin-top:1.4rem;
  max-width:44ch;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
}

.evidence{
  border-left:1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-left:1.75rem;
}

.evidence dl{display:grid;gap:1.6rem}

.evidence dt{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-size:2.1rem;
  line-height:1;
  color:var(--ochre);
  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;
}

.evidence dd{
  margin-top:.4rem;
  font-size:.8125rem;
  line-height:1.45;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  max-width:24ch;
}

/* ---------- attestation ---------- */

.attest{
  margin-top:2.25rem;
  padding-top:1.5rem;
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
}

.attest p{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.55}

.attest cite{
  display:block;
  margin-top:.9rem;
  font-style:normal;
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.6875rem;
  letter-spacing:.04em;
}

.attest cite span{
  display:block;
  margin-top:.2rem;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  text-transform:uppercase;
  letter-spacing:.08em;
}

/* ---------- earlier work ---------- */

.prior{
  list-style:none;
  display:grid;
  gap:2.25rem;
  max-width:52rem;
}

.prior li{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:7rem minmax(0,1fr);
  gap:clamp(1rem,3vw,2.5rem);
  align-items:baseline;
}

.prior-dates{
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.75rem;
  letter-spacing:.04em;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
}

.prior h3{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-weight:400;
  font-size:1.35rem;
  line-height:1.2;
  margin-bottom:.5rem;
}

.prior p{
  font-size:.9375rem;
  line-height:1.55;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  max-width:46ch;
}

.prior p + p{margin-top:.8rem}

@media (max-width:40rem){
  .prior li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.5rem}
}

/* ---------- plates ---------- */

.plates{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(21rem,100%),1fr));
  gap:clamp(2.5rem,4vw,3.5rem) clamp(2rem,3.5vw,3rem);
}

.plate{margin:0}
.plate--wide{grid-column:1/-1}

.plate-frame{
  display:block;
  border:1px solid var(--rule);
  background:#fff;
  transition:border-color .2s ease;
}

.plate-frame:hover{border-color:var(--slate)}
.plate-frame img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}

.plate-pair{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;
  border:0;
  gap:1px;
  background:var(--rule);
}

.plate-half{
  display:block;
  position:relative;
  background:#fff;
  border:1px solid var(--rule);
  transition:border-color .2s ease;
}

.plate-half:hover{border-color:var(--slate);z-index:1}
.plate-half img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}

.plate-tag{
  position:absolute;top:0;left:0;
  background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.625rem;
  letter-spacing:.1em;
  text-transform:uppercase;
  padding:.3rem .6rem;
}

.plate figcaption{
  margin-top:1rem;
  display:grid;
  gap:.35rem;
  max-width:46ch;
}

.plate-phase{
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.625rem;
  letter-spacing:.12em;
  text-transform:uppercase;
}

.plate-phase{color:var(--ochre)}

.plate figcaption b{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-weight:400;
  font-size:1.25rem;
  line-height:1.25;
  margin-top:.25rem;
}

.plate-did{
  font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5;
  padding-left:.9rem;
  border-left:2px solid var(--ochre);
  margin-top:.25rem;
}

/* ---------- practice ---------- */

.practice{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,17rem);
  gap:clamp(2rem,6vw,5rem);
  align-items:start;
}

.practice p{max-width:var(--measure)}
.practice p + p{margin-top:1.35rem}

.practice-aside{
  border-left:1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-left:1.75rem;
  font-size:.8125rem;
  line-height:1.6;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
}

.practice-aside h3{
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.6875rem;
  letter-spacing:.12em;
  text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--ink);
  font-weight:500;
  margin-bottom:.7rem;
}

.practice-aside ul{list-style:none;margin-bottom:1.9rem}
.practice-aside li{padding-block:.1rem}
.practice-aside > ul:last-child{margin-bottom:0}

/* ---------- close ---------- */

.close{
  border-top:1px solid var(--ink);
  padding-block:clamp(3.5rem,7vw,5.5rem) 3rem;
}

.close p{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-size:clamp(1.5rem,3.2vw,2.15rem);
  line-height:1.22;
  letter-spacing:-.012em;
  max-width:26ch;
}

.contacts{
  margin-top:2.5rem;
  display:flex;
  gap:2.25rem;
  flex-wrap:wrap;
  font-size:.9375rem;
}

.contacts a{
  text-decoration:none;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-bottom:2px;
  transition:border-color .18s ease;
}

.contacts a:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--ink)}

.colophon{
  margin-top:3.5rem;
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.6875rem;
  letter-spacing:.04em;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
}

/* ================= CASE STUDY ================= */

/* sticky orientation bar */
.railbar{
  position:sticky;
  top:0;
  z-index:50;
  background:rgba(251,250,248,.94);
  backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(8px);
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
}

.railbar-inner{
  display:flex;
  align-items:center;
  gap:1.25rem;
  padding-block:.7rem;
  font-size:.8125rem;
}

.railbar-back{
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.6875rem;
  letter-spacing:.06em;
  text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  text-decoration:none;
  white-space:nowrap;
  transition:color .18s ease;
}

.railbar-back:hover{color:var(--ink)}

.railbar-sep{
  width:1px;
  align-self:stretch;
  background:var(--rule);
  flex:0 0 1px;
}

.railbar-title{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-size:1.0625rem;
  white-space:nowrap;
  overflow:hidden;
  text-overflow:ellipsis;
}

.railbar-where{
  margin-left:auto;
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.6875rem;
  letter-spacing:.06em;
  text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--ochre);
  white-space:nowrap;
  overflow:hidden;
  text-overflow:ellipsis;
  max-width:45%;
  text-align:right;
}

@media (max-width:34rem){
  .railbar-title{display:none}
  .railbar-where{max-width:60%}
}

/* case opening */
.case-open{padding-block:clamp(3.5rem,9vw,6.5rem) clamp(2.5rem,5vw,4rem)}

.case-kicker{
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.6875rem;
  letter-spacing:.12em;
  text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  margin-bottom:1.5rem;
}

.case-open h1{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-weight:400;
  font-size:clamp(2.3rem,6vw,4rem);
  line-height:1.1;
  letter-spacing:-.02em;
  max-width:16ch;
  text-wrap:balance;
}

.case-standfirst{
  margin-top:2rem;
  max-width:var(--measure);
  font-size:1.125rem;
  line-height:1.6;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
}

.case-facts{
  margin-top:3rem;
  padding-top:1.5rem;
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.75rem;
  letter-spacing:.04em;
  text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
}

/* case body: two columns, notes in margin */
.case-body{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,15rem);
  gap:clamp(2rem,5vw,4rem);
  align-items:start;
  padding-bottom:clamp(3rem,7vw,5rem);
}

.case-main{max-width:38rem}

.case-main > section{
  padding-top:clamp(2.75rem,6vw,4.5rem);
  scroll-margin-top:5rem;
}

.case-main > section + section{border-top:1px solid var(--rule-soft)}

.case-main h2{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-weight:400;
  font-size:clamp(1.6rem,3.2vw,2.15rem);
  line-height:1.18;
  letter-spacing:-.014em;
  margin-bottom:1.4rem;
  max-width:20ch;
}

.case-main h3{
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-weight:600;
  font-size:1rem;
  letter-spacing:.005em;
  margin-top:2.5rem;
  margin-bottom:.8rem;
}

.case-main p{margin-bottom:1.15rem}
.case-main p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}

.case-main ul{margin:0 0 1.15rem 1.1rem}
.case-main li{margin-bottom:.4rem}

/* pull statement */
.claim{
  margin:2rem 0;
  padding-left:1.25rem;
  border-left:2px solid var(--ochre);
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-size:1.35rem;
  line-height:1.3;
}

/* inline figure inside case body */
.case-fig{margin:2.25rem 0}

.case-fig img{
  width:100%;height:auto;display:block;
  border:1px solid var(--rule);
  background:#fff;
}

.case-fig figcaption{
  margin-top:.7rem;
  font-size:.8125rem;
  line-height:1.5;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
}

.case-pair{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;
  gap:1rem;
  margin:2.25rem 0;
}

.case-pair figure{margin:0}
.case-pair img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;border:1px solid var(--rule);background:#fff}

.case-pair figcaption{
  margin-top:.5rem;
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.6875rem;
  letter-spacing:.03em;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  line-height:1.45;
}

@media (max-width:34rem){.case-pair{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

/* numbered sequence */
.seq{list-style:none;margin:2rem 0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:1.5rem}

.seq li{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:2.25rem 1fr;
  gap:1rem;
  margin:0;
}

.seq b{
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.6875rem;
  letter-spacing:.06em;
  color:var(--ochre);
  padding-top:.25rem;
  font-weight:400;
}

.seq strong{display:block;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:.2rem}
.seq span{color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.55}

/* margin rail (desktop TOC) */
.case-rail{
  position:sticky;
  top:4.5rem;
  border-left:1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-left:1.5rem;
  font-size:.8125rem;
}

.case-rail h2{
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.625rem;
  letter-spacing:.12em;
  text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  font-weight:400;
  margin-bottom:1rem;
}

.case-rail ol{list-style:none;counter-reset:r;display:grid;gap:.55rem}

.case-rail a{
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  text-decoration:none;
  display:block;
  line-height:1.35;
  transition:color .18s ease;
  border-left:2px solid transparent;
  padding-left:.7rem;
  margin-left:-.7rem;
}

.case-rail a:hover{color:var(--ink)}

.case-rail a.is-current{
  color:var(--ink);
  border-left-color:var(--ochre);
}

.rail-metrics{
  margin-top:2rem;
  padding-top:1.5rem;
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
  display:grid;
  gap:1.1rem;
}

.rail-metrics dt{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-size:1.6rem;
  line-height:1;
  color:var(--ochre);
  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;
}

.rail-metrics dd{
  margin-top:.25rem;
  font-size:.75rem;
  line-height:1.4;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
}

/* case footer nav */
.case-next{
  border-top:1px solid var(--ink);
  padding-block:clamp(3rem,6vw,4.5rem) 3rem;
}

.case-next a.next-title{
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-size:clamp(1.6rem,3.5vw,2.4rem);
  line-height:1.15;
  text-decoration:none;
  display:inline-block;
  border-bottom:1px solid transparent;
  transition:border-color .2s ease;
}

.case-next a.next-title:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--ink)}
.case-next a.next-title::after{content:" \2192"}

/* ---------- responsive ---------- */

@media (max-width:60rem){
  .case-body{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .case-rail{
    position:static;
    border-left:0;
    border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
    padding-left:0;
    padding-top:1.5rem;
    order:-1;
  }
  .case-rail ol{
    grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(11rem,1fr));
  }
  .rail-metrics{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(8rem,1fr))}
}

@media (max-width:56rem){
  .entry,.practice{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem}
  .evidence,.practice-aside{
    border-left:0;
    border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
    padding-left:0;
    padding-top:1.5rem;
  }
  .evidence dl{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(9rem,1fr));gap:1.5rem}
  .masthead-inner{gap:1rem}
  .masthead nav{gap:1.25rem}
}

@media (max-width:40rem){
  .plate-pair{grid-template-columns:1fr}
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  html{scroll-behavior:auto}
  *{transition-duration:.01ms !important;animation-duration:.01ms !important}
  .entry-title-text{background-size:100% 1px}
}

/* ---------- lightbox ---------- */

.case-fig img, .case-pair img{ cursor:zoom-in }

.lightbox{
  position:fixed;
  inset:0;
  z-index:200;
  display:none;
  align-items:center;
  justify-content:center;
  padding:clamp(1rem,4vw,3rem);
  background:rgba(251,250,248,.97);
  backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(6px);
  cursor:zoom-out;
}

.lightbox.is-open{display:flex}

.lightbox img{
  max-width:100%;
  max-height:100%;
  width:auto;
  height:auto;
  border:1px solid var(--rule);
  background:#fff;
  box-shadow:0 2px 40px rgba(22,24,28,.10);
}

.lightbox-close{
  position:absolute;
  top:clamp(.75rem,2vw,1.5rem);
  right:clamp(.75rem,2vw,1.5rem);
  background:none;
  border:0;
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.6875rem;
  letter-spacing:.12em;
  text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
  cursor:pointer;
  padding:.4rem;
}

.lightbox-close:hover{color:var(--ink)}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .lightbox{backdrop-filter:none}
}

/* ---------- photographs ---------- */

.frames{border-top:1px solid var(--rule-soft);padding-block:clamp(3rem,6vw,4.5rem)}

.frame-grid{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(15rem,46%),1fr));
  gap:1px;
  background:var(--rule-soft);
  border:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

.frame-grid img{
  width:100%;
  height:auto;
  display:block;
  background:var(--paper);
  cursor:zoom-in;
  filter:saturate(.96);
  transition:filter .25s ease;
}

.frame-grid img:hover{filter:saturate(1.06)}

.frame-note{
  margin-top:1.1rem;
  margin-bottom:2.75rem;
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:.6875rem;
  letter-spacing:.05em;
  color:var(--ink-soft);
}

.frame-note:last-child{margin-bottom:0}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .frame-grid img{transition:none}
}